Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Rey, David

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

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Modeling HIV-HCV coinfection epidemiology in the direct-acting antiviral era: the road to elimination
Auteur(s) : Virlogeux, Victor Zoulim, Fabien Pugliese, Pascal Poizot-Martin, Isabelle Valantin, Marc-Antoine Cuzin, Lise Reynes, Jacques Billaud, Eric
Auteurs secondaires : Service d'Hépatologie [Croix-Rousse- CHU Lyon] ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) - Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [Hospices Civils CHU de Lyon] ; Hospices Civils de Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon Hospices Civils de Lyon Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL) ; Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon] - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Service de Maladies Infectieuses [Nice] Service d'immuno-hématologie clinique (CISIH) ; Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ) Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Aix Marseille Université (AMU) - ORS PACA - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP] Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: HCV treatment uptake has drastically increased in HIV-HCV coinfected patients in France since direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment approval, resulting in HCV cure in 63% of all HIV-HCV patients by the end of 2015. We investigated the impact of scaling-up DAA on HCV prevalence in the whole HIV population and in various risk groups over the next 10 years in France using a transmission dynamic compartmental model.Methods: The model was based on epidemiological data from the French Dat’AIDS cohort. Eight risk groups wereconsidered, including high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) men who have sex with men (MSM) and male/female heterosexuals,intra-venous drug users, or patients from other risk groups. The model was calibrated on prevalence and incidence dataobserved in the cohort between 2012 and 2015.Results: On January 1, 2016, 156,811 patients were registered as infected with HIV in France (24,900 undiagnosedpatients) of whom 7938 (5.1%) had detectable HCV-RNA (722 undiagnosed patients). Assuming a treatmentcoverage (TC) rate of 30%/year (i.e., the observed rate in 2015), model projections showed that HCV prevalenceamong HIV patients is expected to drop to 0.81% in 2026. Sub-analyses showed a similar decrease of HIV-HCVprevalence in most risk groups, including LR MSM. Due to higher infection and reinfection rates, predicted prevalencein HR MSM remained stable from 6.96% in 2016 to 6.34% in 2026. Increasing annual TC rate in HR MSM to 50/70%would decrease HCV prevalence in this group to 2.35/1.25% in 2026. With a 30% TC rate, undiagnosed patients wouldaccount for 34% of HCV infections in 2026.Conclusions: Our model suggests that DAA could nearly eliminate coinfection in France within 10 years for most riskgroups, including LR MSM. Elimination in HR MSM will require increased TC.
ISSN: 1741-7015

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/file/2017%2C%20Virlogeux%20-%20Modeling%20HIV-HCV%20coinfection.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12916-017-0979-1

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Mémoire pour le chef de Brigade Magloire Pélage et pour les habitants de la Guadeloupe. Tome second
Auteur(s) : Frasans, Hippolyte de (1768-18..) Langloys, Jean-Thomas (1746-1804)
Année de publication :

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The colony of British Guyana and its labouring population
Auteur(s) : Bronkhurst, Rév. H.V.P.
Année de publication :

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Le commerce des isles françoises de l'Amérique par Marseille et autres ports du royaume
Auteur(s) : Chambon (17..-17.. ; receveur général des finances)
Année de publication :

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L'Oyapoc et l'Amazone : question brésilienne et française. Tome second
Auteur(s) : Da Silva, Joaquim Caetano (1810-1873)
Année de publication :

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Brisas de Cuba
Auteur(s) : Ponce de León, Néstor (1837-1899) Valdez Aguirre, Fernando De la Huerta, Santiago
Année de publication :

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First-line cART regimen impacts the course of CD8+ T-cell counts in HIV-infected patients that achieve sustained undetectable viral load.
Auteur(s) : Poizot-Martin, Isabelle Allavena, Clotilde Delpierre, Cyrille Duvivier, Claudine Obry-Roguet, Véronique Cano, Carla E Guillouet De Salvador, Francine Rey, David
Auteurs secondaires : Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Aix Marseille Université (AMU) - ORS PACA - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ) Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes] ; CHU Nantes Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps [Toulouse] ; Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Centre d’Infectiologie Necker Pasteur ; CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP] - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Service des maladies infectieuses ; CHU Nice - University Hospital Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS) Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of first-line combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen on the course of CD8 + T-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. A retrospective observational study conducted on the French DAT'AIDS Cohort of HIV-infected patients. We selected 605 patients initiating a first-line cART between 2002 and 2009, and which achieved a sustained undetectable HIV plasma viral load (pVL) for at least 12 months without cART modification. The evolution of CD8 + T-cell counts according to cART regimen was assessed. CD8 + T-cell counts were assessed in 572 patients treated with 2NRTIs+1PI/r (n= 297), 2NRTIs+1NNRTI (n= 207) and 3NRTIs (n= 68). In multivariate analysis, after 12 months of follow-up, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a significantly smaller decrease of CD8 + T-cell count compared with NNRTI-containing regimens (–10.2 cells/mL in 3NRTIs vs –105.1 cells/mL; P=0.02) but not compared with PI-containing regimens (10.2 vs –60.9 cells/mL; P=0.21). After 24 months, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a smaller decrease of CD8 + T-cell count and % compared with PI/r-and NNRTI-containing regimens (0.2 in 3NRTIs vs –9.9 with PI/r-regimens, P=0.001, and vs –11.1 with NNRTI-regimens, p < 0.0001). A focus analysis on 11 patients treated with an INSTI-containing cART regimen during the study period showed after 12 months of follow-up, a median decrease of CD8 + T-cell count of –155 [inter quartile range: –302; –22] cells/mL. Our data highlight the fact that cART regimens have differential effects on CD8 pool down regulation. Abbreviations: cART = combined antiretroviral therapy, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, INSTI = integrase strand transfer inhibitor, NNRTI = non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI = nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI/r = Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, pVL = plasma viral load.
ISSN: 0025-7974

inserm-01408002
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002/file/2016%2C%20Poizot-Martin%20-%20First-line%20cART%20regimen%20impacts%20the%20course%20of%20CD8%2B%20T-cell%20counts%20in%20HIV-infected%20patients.pdf
DOI : 10.1097/MD.0000000000005087

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